①In 1962, the joint laboratory of General Electric, Monsanto and IBM developed a red-emitting gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) semiconductor compound. Since then, visible light-emitting diodes have entered the commercial development process.

②In 1965, the world's first commercial light-emitting diode was born. It is an infrared-emitting LED made of germanium material. The unit price at the time was about $45. Shortly thereafter, Monsanto and Hewlett-Packard introduced commercial red LEDs made of GaAsP material.
③In 1968, the research and development of LED made a breakthrough. The GaAsP device uses a nitrogen-doped process with an efficiency of 1 lumen/watt and can emit red, orange and yellow light.
④In 1971, the industry introduced GaP green chip LEDs with the same efficiency.
⑤ By the 1970s, LED prices plummeted due to the massive application of LED devices in home and office equipment.
⑥ A major technological breakthrough in the early 1980s was the development of AlGaAsLED, which emits red light with a luminous efficiency of 10 lumens per watt.
⑦In 1990, the industry developed AlInGaP technology, which can provide the best red device performance, which is 10 times higher than the standard GaAsP device performance at that time.
⑧ Between 1991 and 2001, further advances in material technology, chip size, and form factor increased the luminous flux of commercial LEDs by a factor of nearly 30.
⑨ In 1994, Japanese scientist Shuji Nakamura developed the first blue light-emitting diode on a GaN substrate, triggering a research and development boom in GaN-based LEDs.
⑩In the late 1990s, LEDs were developed that use blue light to excite YAG phosphors to generate white light, but the color is uneven, the service life is short, and the price is high. With the continuous advancement of technology, the development of white LEDs has been quite rapid in recent years. The luminous efficiency of white LEDs has reached 38lm/W, and laboratory research results can reach 70lm/W, which is much higher than that of incandescent lamps and close to fluorescent lamps.